Câu tường thuật (Reported Speech)

Câu tường thuật (Reported Speech) là điểm ngữ pháp quan trọng mà bài thi nào cũng có. Cùng 4Life English Center (e4Life.vn) điểm qua những loại câu tường thuật và cách dùng của từng loại nhé.

1. Câu tường thuật (Reported Speech)

1.1. Định nghĩa câu tường thuật

Câu tường thuật là câu dùng để mô tả lại sự việc hay lời nói của ai đó. Hay câu tường thuật là bạn đang chuyển câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp.

Ví dụ: Lisa said, ‘I’m so happy.’

Lisa said that she was so happy.

1.2. Một số lưu ý khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp

• Nếu động từ ở dạng reporting verb (tường thuật) thì giữ nguyên thì (tense), động từ, đại, từ trạng từ.

Ví dụ: She says: “I like ice cream.” => She says (that) she likes ice cream.

• Động từ tường thuật (reporting verb) của câu ở thì quá khứ thì phải lùi động từ chính về quá khứ một bậc theo quy tắc sau:

Ví dụ: “I want a camera for my birthday.” he said. – He said that he wanted a camera for his birthday.

• Khi chuyển sang gián tiếp một số động từ không thay đổi: would => would, could => could, might => might, should => should, ought to => ought to.

Ví dụ: Jane said, “You should cut short hair”. => Jane said I should cut short hair.

• Động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ thì các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn và đại từ chỉ định được chuyển đổi theo quy tắc sau khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp:

Ví dụ: “I’ll phone you tomorrow.” he told Jack. – He told Jack that he would phone him the following day.

2. Các dạng câu tường thuật thường gặp

2.1. Câu tường thuật dạng câu kể (Reported statements)

Công thức: S + say(s) / said + (that) + S + V.

Lưu ý:

says / say to + O => tells / tell + O

said to + O => told + O

Ví dụ: “I’ll have a cup of tea with you.” she said she would have a cup of tea with me.

“He’s not at home.”, she said he was not at home.

2.2. Câu tường thuật dạng câu hỏi (Reported questions)

2.2.1. Dạng Yes/No questions:

Công thức: S + asked (+ O)/ wanted to know/ wondered + if / whether + S + V.

Lưu ý: Khi tường thuật câu hỏi Yes – No questions, ta phải chuyển câu hỏi trực tiếp sang dạng khẳng định, rồi thực hiện thay đổi thì, trạng từ chỉ thời gian, trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn, đại từ chỉ định, và chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, đại từ sở hữu cho phù hợp.

Ví dụ:

2.2.2. Dạng Wh-questions:

Công thức: S + asked (+ O)/ wanted to know/ wondered + Wh-words + S + V.

Ví dụ: “Where are you going?” he asked her where she was going.

“What are you going to do next summer?” she asked. – She asked us what we were going to do the following summer.

2.3. Câu tường thuật dạng câu mệnh lệnh (Reported commands)

2.3.1. Dạng khẳng định

Công thức: S + told + O + to-infinitive.

Ví dụ: Mom told me, “Cook before your dad comes home.”. => Mom told me to cook before my dad came back home.

“Open the door.” he said to them. => He told them to open the door.

2.3.2. Dạng phủ định

Công thức: S + told + O + to-infinitive.

Ví dụ: “Don’t get your shoes dirty, boys.” she said. => She told the boys not to get their shoes dirty.

2.4. Các câu tường thuật dạng đặc biệt.

Ngoài các câu tường thuật trên thì ta có thể bắt gặp một số dạng đặc biệt khác như sau:

• S + promised + to V.

Ví dụ: “We’ll visit you” She said. => She promised to visit me.

• S + agree + to V.

Ví dụ: “I’ll leave the house tomorrow.” She says. => She agrees to leave the house the next day.

• S + accuse + sb + of + Ving.

Ví dụ: “ You damaged my bicycle, John!” said Mary. => Mary accused John of damaging her bicycle.

3. Bài tập về câu tường thuật trong tiếng Anh

1.“Please download the information from this file,” the director said to us.

The director told us ………………………………………………………

2. “Where is the cake which I just made?”

Her mother asked her. Her mother asked her where ……………………………………

3. “Which way are you planning to go to the beach?” Mary asked us

Mary asked us which …………………………………………….

4. “Please bring that outfit over here if it has any damage.” the clerk said to Lisa.

The clerk told Lisa………………………………………………………

5. “Don’t come to my house without prior notice.” May’s colleague said to her.

May’s colleague told her ……………………………………………………

6. “Can you do this project best?” My manager told me.

My manager told me ………………………………..

7. Jimin’s girlfriend said, “My boyfriend is a very polite and courteous person so I love him very much.”

Jimin’s girlfriend said that ……………………………………..

8. “Is there any restroom nearby?” the customer asked me.

The customer asked me ………………………………..

9. Jenny said to him: “Please lend me your car to carry this cargo to the train station because my dad needs it right now.”

Jenny asked him …………………………..

10. “Don’t stay up late, Jisoo,” Jisoo’s mother said to her.

Jisoo’s mother told her ……………………………..

11. “Tim, did you see the water bottle which I just bought?” Tim’s roommate asked.

Tim’s roommate asked him ………………………………………………

12. “Don’t do anything worse, Jane.” Jane’s brother said to her.

Jane’s brother told her …………………………………….

13. She said: “I’ll take you to school tomorrow, Jack.”

She told Jack…………………………………….

14. “If you accept to take this survey, we will give you a discount coupon.” The seller said to us.

The seller told us …………………………………………………………..

15. “What do you plan to buy for your girlfriend’s birthday?” Tom asked me.

Tom asked me ……………………………………………………………

16. “I will get back to you as soon as possible,” the clerk said to him.

The clerk told him …………………………………………….

17. “Can I borrow your phone, Mina?” Mina’s colleague asked her.

Mina’s colleague asked her ……………………………………

18. “I want lots of people to come to my birthday party.” My brother said to me

My brother told me ………………………………………………………….

19. “Don’t drink that glass of water because it’s brandy.” Lisa’s boyfriend said to her.

Lisa’s boyfriend told her ………………………………………………….

20. “How long are you planning to study in Australia?” my roommate asked.

My roommate asked me …………………………………………………

21. “Are you planning to go to school by train?” Britian’s mother asked him.

Britian’s mother wanted to know………………………………………………

22. “Don’t turn on the indoor heater when nobody is there.” March’s mother said.

March’s mother told him …………………………………………………….

23. “Will you come to the concert to see my show?” my neighbor asked me.

My neighbor invited me …………………………………………………

24. “Don’t drive when you’re on the phone.” Mary’s father said to her.

Mary’s father told her …………………………………………….

25. “Did the doctor come to see you yesterday?” My mother asked.

My mother asked me…………………………………………..

26. “Don’t step on the grass.” the neighbor said to me.

The neighbor told me ……………………………

27. “What do you want to cook for breakfast, mommy?” Kate asked.

Kate asked her mother …………………………….

28. “Can I use your computer, Peter?” Peter‘s sister asked him.

Peter’s sister asked him …………………………………..

29. “Why didn’t I have my name on the record?” The customer asked.

The customer wondered…………………………………………..

30. “You has better do well everything that your boss requested, Anna.” John said.

John advised Anna ………………………………………………………..

Lời giải

1. The director told us to download the information from that file.
2. Her mother asked her where the cake was which she just had made.
3. Mary asked us which way we were planning to go to the beach.
4. The clerk told Lisa to bring that outfit over there if it had any damage.
5. May’s colleague told her not to come to her house without prior notice.
6. My manager told me if I could do that project best.
7. Jimin’s girlfriend said that he was a very polite and courteous person so she loved him very much.
8. The customer asked me if there any restroom nearby was.
9. Jenny asked him to lend her his car to carry that cargo to the train station because her dad needed it right then.
10. Jisoo’s mother told her not to stay up late.
11. Tim’s roommate asked him if he had seen the water bottle which she had just bought.
12. Jane’s brother told her not to do anything worse.
13. She told Jack that she would take him to schook the next day.
14. The seller told us they would give us a discount coupon if we accepted to take that survey.
15. Tom asked me what I planned to buy for my girlfriend’s birthday.
16. The clerk told him that she would get back to him as soon as possible.
17. Mina’s colleague asked her if she could borrow her phone.
18. My brother told me that he wanted lots of people to come to his birthday party.
19. Lisa’s boyfriend told her not to drink that glass of water because it was brandy.
20. My roommate asked me how long I was planning to study in Australia.
21. Britian’s mother wanted to know if he was planning to go to school by train.
22. March’s mother told him not to turn on the indoor heater when nobody was there.
23. My neighbor invited me to come to the concert to see her show.
24. Mary’s father told her not to drive when she was on the phone.
25. My mother asked me if the doctor had come to see me the day before.
26. The neighbor told me not to step on the grass.
27. Kate asked her mother what she wanted to cook for breakfast.
28. Peter’s sister asked him if she could use his computer.
29. The customer wondered why he hadn’t had his name on the record.
30. John advised Anna to do well everything that her boss had requested.

Trên đây là tất cả công thức cơ bản của câu tường thuật, kèm theo đó là ví dụ và bài tập chi tiết. 4Life English Center (e4Life.vn) hy vọng sẽ giúp bạn hoàn thiện kiến thức trên con đường tri thức. Chúc các bạn học tốt.

Tham khảo thêm:

• 14+ Phương pháp học ngữ pháp tiếng Anh hiệu quả
• Lộ trình học ngữ pháp tiếng Anh cho người mới bắt đầu
• Lộ trình học tiếng Anh cho người mất gốc